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==Events== * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. *1550 – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche at the Battle of Penco during the Arauco War in present-day Chile. *1622 – Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Jesuits, are canonized as saints by the Catholic Church. *1689 – The Williamite War in Ireland begins. *1811 – Peninsular War: A day after a successful rearguard action, French Marshal Michel Ney once again successfully delayed the pursuing Anglo-Portuguese force at the Battle of Redinha. *1864 – American Civil War: The Red River Campaign begins as a US Navy fleet of 13 Ironclads and 7 Gunboats and other support ships enter the Red River. *1868 – Henry O'Farrell attempts to assassinate Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh. * 1868 – Basutoland, toaday called Lesotho is annexed by the United Kingdom. *1881 – Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player and captain. *1885 – Tonkin Campaign: France captures the citadel of Bắc Ninh. *1894 – Coca-Cola is bottled and sold for the first time in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by local soda fountain operator Joseph Biedenharn. *1910 – Greek cruiser Georgios Averof is launched at Livorno. *1912 – The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States. *1913 – Canberra Day: The future capital of Australia is officially named Canberra. (Melbourne remains temporary capital until 1927 while the new capital is still under construction.) *1918 – Moscow becomes the capital of Russia again after Saint Petersburg held this status for 215 years. *1920 – The Kapp Putsch begins when the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt is ordered to march on Berlin. *1921 – İstiklâl Marşı is adopted in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. *1922 – Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan form The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic *1928 – In California, the St. Francis Dam fails; the resulting floods kill over 600 people. *1930 – Mahatma Gandhi leads a 200-mile march, known as the ''Salt March'', to the sea in defiance of British opposition, to protest the British monopoly on salt *1933 – Great Depression: Franklin D. Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States. This is also the first of his "fireside chats". *1934 – Konstantin Päts and General Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia, and ban all political parties. *1938 – ''Anschluss:'' German troops occupy and absorb Austria. *1940 – Winter War: Finland signs the Moscow Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union, ceding almost all of Finnish Karelia. Finnish troops and the remaining population are immediately evacuated. *1942 – Pacific War: The Battle of Java ends with an Allied surrender to the Japanese Empire. *1947 – The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism. *1950 – The Llandow air disaster occurs near Sigingstone, Wales, in which 80 people die when their aircraft crashed, making it the world's deadliest air disaster at the time. *1961 – First winter ascent of the North Face of the Eiger. *1967 – Suharto takes over from Sukarno to become Acting President of Indonesia. *1968 – Mauritius achieves independence from the United Kingdom. *1971 – The March 12 Memorandum is sent to the Demirel government of Turkey and the government resigns. *1992 – Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. *1993 – Several bombs explode in Bombay (Mumbai), India, killing about 300 and injuring hundreds more. * 1993 – North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea says that it plans to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and refuses to allow inspectors access to its nuclear sites. * 1993 – The Blizzard of 1993: Snow begins to fall across the eastern portion of the US with tornadoes, thunder snow storms, high winds and record low temperatures. The storm lasts for 30 hours. * 1993 – Janet Reno is sworn in as the United States' first female attorney general. *1994 – The Church of England ordains its first female priests. *1999 – Former Warsaw Pact members the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland join NATO. *2003 – Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia, is assassinated in Belgrade. *2004 – The President of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, is impeached by its National Assembly: The first such impeachment in the nation's history. *2005 – Karolos Papoulias becomes President of Greece. *2009 – Financier Bernard Madoff pleads guilty in New York to scamming $18 billion, the largest in Wall Street history. *2011 – A reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant melts and explodes and releases radioactivity into the atmosphere a day after Japan's earthquake. *2014 – An explosion in the New York City neighborhood of East Harlem kills 8 and injures 70 others. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「March 12」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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